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What were they for? A Study of the Uses of Pyramidal Lead Weights from Metropolis (Ionia) and Interpretations in Light of their Archaeological Contexts

Belleten · 2026, Cilt 90, Sayı 317 · Sayfa: 69-98 · DOI: 10.37879/belleten.2026.069
The purpose of this study is to examine the possible uses of pyramidal lead weights unearthed in Metropolis. By comparing the artifacts with analogous examples found in different archaeological contexts, we hope to shed new light on their purpose and significance. Pyramidal weights unearthed during archaeological excavations across ancient Metropolis are analyzed and interpreted within their specific archaeological contexts. These interpretations are not limited to classifying the artifacts by their form, weight, or chronology; they also explore their potential purpose and uses as manufactured objects. Additional attention is likewise given to markings (monograms and symbols) found on some weights. Consideration is given as to what these markings were used for, whether or not there is a production-process connection between markings and weights, and whether or not the markings had any functional purpose. This study also takes into account the ongoing debate surrounding the possible applications of these weights with an attempt being made to analyze the potential uses of the Metropolis finds. All the weights discussed in the study are also presented in detail in the accompanying catalogue table. The twenty pyramidal lead weights unearthed at Metropolis were discovered in different parts of the city and in a variety of built contexts ranging from civilian dwellings to public buildings.