This study examines the evolution of the Ottoman Maritime Police from the mid-XIXth century, when it was founded, to the early years of the Second Constitutional Era, highlighting the development of coastal security responsibilities within the Ottoman police structure. Initially managed by Ottoman military officers in the classical period, coastal security shifted to civilian roles such as safety boatmen and porters, especially after the abolition of the Janissary Corps. Legal reforms in the Union and Progress Era marked a significant restructuring aimed at addressing smuggling, etc., establishing the Maritime Central Office under the supervision of the Istanbul Police. The primary responsibilities of the Ottoman Maritime Police included ensuring coastal security, preventing smuggling, and administering entry permits for travelers. With the inclusion of motorized vessels in their inventory, they have become an integral part of maritime security. This research emphasizes the role of the Ottoman Maritime Police in adapting to the security needs that have emerged within the framework of Turkey’s modern law enforcement forces and their legacy. Using the Presidency of the State Archives, the Ottoman Archives, the General Directorate of Security Archives, and various periodicals, this article traces the development of the Ottoman Maritime Police, focusing on its duties, operational challenges, and organizational changes.