The sancak of Amid (today known as Diyarbakır) has been ruled by the Byzantines, Arabs, Selçukids, Artukids, Ayyubids, Akkoyunlus and Ottomans. Therefore the sancak has been exposed to the cultures of these states. Thus the province had undergone a great cultural impact which can clearly be traced in the personal and place names used in the sancak. The place and personal names recorded in the 1518 Ottoman cadastral survey of the sancak of Amid are the basis of some pointers made in this article.

Most of the buildings referred to in this study are located around Lake Van, but a few are located in Harput and Pertek in the province of Elazığ and I will start to begin by discussing these. The Sâre Hatun Mosque in Harput is mentioned by Evliyâ Çelebi, who describes this mosque as being without a minaret. The name is spelt similarly in the "Ma'muretü l-'Azîz Salnâme (Elazığ Almanac) and by A.Gabriel. Most modern writers spell the name as Sara Hâtun or Sârâ Hâtun. The local people pronounce it as "Sara Hatun" with all four short vowels, and also refer to the mosque as the Uzun Hasan Oğullari Camisi. According to local hearsay the sons of Sultan Uzun Hasan built the mosque.

The sources and literature on the medial history of Diyarbekr region are limited as it is the general case with the medieval history of Anatolia on the whole. Apart from few sources which are, however, directly related to the area there are othere sources from which indirect infirmation can be derived to study the history of the area. Inorder to avoid confusion, however, no such classification will be made, rather they will be treated under original or primary sources, secondary literature and Armenian and Syriac sources. Before examining them, nevetheless, it would perhaps be better to briefly mention few works and bibliographies in which there can be found a good literature on the area.

Turkey did contribute to the development of international law. "To a great extent, much of our modern intemational law originated and developed from the competition of the great powers and their desire to expand at the expense of other countries. Turkey was a great power. Its peculiar geographical position and the ideas it stood for involved Turkey in all major wars and all postwar settlements. In this way the Turks influenced the development of international law".

Between 1821 and 1885 most of the area constituting the present Sudan came under Turko-Egyptian rule. The annexation of the Sudan to Egypt was undertaken in 1820-1 by Muhammad 'Ali, the Ottoman Wali of Egypt, and was completed under his grandson, the Khedive Isma'il, who extended this rule to the Great Lakes in the south and to Bahr al-Ghazal and Darfur in the west. In the history of the Sudan, this period became known as the (first) Turkiyya. The term Turkiyya is not really arbitrary since Egypt was itself an Ottoman province, ruled by an Ottoman (Albanian) dynasty. Moreover, most of the high officials and army officers serving in the Sudan were of Ottoman rather than Egyptian origin.

The Public Library of the Manisa Province has a fairly rich collection of medical manunscripts some of which are unique copies. Two examples that may be cited in this connection are Tarvih al-Ervah by physician and poet Ahmedî (1334(?)-1413) and the Persian translation of Beyrunî's Kitab-al-Saydala. Another unique manuscript is an abridged translation of Zahravî's work, which I intend to introduce here briefly.

The move of the Bulgarian Communist Government to liquidate the Muslim Turks in Bulgaria, initiated at the end of 1984 and completed in the beginning of 1985, by forcing the Turks in Bulgaria to exchange their Turkish names for Bulgarian ones, is a crime against the most elemantary principles of human rights, of world civilization and culture. By this act the Bulgarian government has committed itself to a policy of an ethnic, cultural and political genocide. Though this term has been initially used to mean physical destruction of one or another nation, in a broader sense it signifies a cultural and political extinction of a national minority.

Contents: I. Introduction, II. KUB 55.28+Bo 7740 in -Transliteration and Translation, III. Commentary, IV. Excursus 1: On the Role of Games, Fake Fights and Dances in Hittite Ceremonies, V. Excursus 2: Some New Insights into Hittite Architecture: Some Remarks on Pillars and Roofing Techniques.

Late in A.D. 155 the Greek orator Publius Aelius Aristides from Hadrianoi in Northern Mysia praised Roman rule in the presence of the imperial court at Rome. Indeed, the poets say that before the rule of Zeus everything was filled with faction, uproar, and disorder, but that when Zeus came to rule, everything was put in order and the Titans were banished to the deepest corners of the earth, driven there by him and the gods who aided him.

In April 1926, Brigadier-General Moberley of the British Army was writing a book, entitled History of the Mesopotamian Campaign, which included a section on Turkish war aims and Pan-Turkism. He approached the British Foreign Office for information on the subject, whereupon one of the officials, W. G. Childs, drew up a minute 20th April for the use of the Department. This minute throws interesting light on the personality and career of Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk). Apparently, Childs had spoken to Colonel T. E. Lawrence (of Arabia reputation) on the subject, who had told him that, "by a curious accident", he (Lawrence) was able, in September 1918, "to have several conversations with Mustafa Kemal Pasha", and that among the topics discussed was that of Turkish war aims.